2024 PCB Working Guide: Manufacturing & Assembly China

/ / Informative
PCB Assembly China 2022

Entrusting the design and manufacturin of your pcb boards to professionals in that sector is like giving the electronic heart of your company to third parties. For this reason, in FXPCB the project of each customer is taken care of in every detail with the aim of being able to guarantee finished products that are always safe and performing.

The expertise gained by each department allows FXPCB to take your project to heart at every stage necessary for the construction of the electronic board. In this article, FXPCB explains how the creation of pcb board works.

Material availability

  1. Design

During the design phase of the electronic board, a drawing is created with which to put the initial idea in black and white, giving it shape. A clear and detailed project is created, meticulously studied in order to make the production process more streamlined and effective and to optimize delivery times.

At this moment, on the basis of the functionality that the pcb board must have, the mounting system that will be used is defined: PTH (Pin Through Hole) or SMT (Surface Mount Technology). The first is performed manually by specialized operators, the second, on the other hand, is carried out by means of fully automated machines.

Also read: How To Replace A Capacitor On A Circuit Board

Then, the BOM is compiled, which is a file that indicates the individual components that make up the electronic board and the position in which they will be placed. It is necessary to create this document with extreme precision: all information is essential for the assembly department, in order to allow a precise and error-free construction.

Furthermore, the designer also draws up the gerber file, essential for the development of the printed circuit: in fact, it is the foundation of the electronic board. It consists of a resin layer and, depending on the degree of complexity of the product, contains different layers, called layers : these layers allow the connection between the different components placed on the board.

2. Sampling

Before proceeding with the large-scale production of a specific type of electronic boards, a preliminary sampling is carried out. In this way, it is possible to verify the correctness of the project carried out in the initial phase.

Similarly, in the event that some elements do not prove to be optimal for the finished electronic board, they are replaced with other more performing ones. In this way, high quality electronic boards are obtained, capable of guaranteeing safe and effective finished products to each customer: customer satisfaction is one of the main focuses on which FXPCB focuses in every project.

Furthermore, the replacement of unsuitable elements or the correction of errors before the start of production of the entire batch, allows to optimize production costs, limiting the waste of materials or components to be replaced.

3. Assembly

After having ascertained, by means of sampling, the correct functioning of the pcb board, we proceed with the production of the entire batch. The project is then sent to the workers specialized in the production of the foil, which is a perforated surface in the points where the various elements will be placed. Thanks to the use of the screen printing machine, the solder paste will be placed with precision in the placements in which they will be placed.

SMT mounting

Following the screen printing, the electronic board is ready to receive the components: through a track, it slides and enters the Pick & Place machine, previously programmed to mount those specific elements on that given board. Once the positioning is complete, the tray slides on the track of the production line, until the operators carefully pick it up and insert it into the vapor-phase oven for the welding cycle.

PTH mounting

In the case of PTH assembly, due to the size or particularity of some elements, it is not always possible to assemble the components using an automatic machine, as happens in SMT assembly. For this reason, we generally opt for manual assembly, during which specialized technicians personally arrange the elements on the printed circuit.

The exception occurs when the electronic board does not have SMT components mounted on the bottom side: in this case the assembly takes place automatically by means of a wave soldering machine.

After assembly, the electronic board is ready for soldering: this operation is also performed manually, using a stylus equipped with a soldering tip, designed to stably fix the elements to the printed circuit.

4. AOI optical inspection

Once the assembly is complete, we proceed with the automatic optical inspection, known by the acronym AOI (Automatic Optical Inspection). It is performed using a machine that takes several 3D photographs of the product and compares them with the initial project, previously loaded on the software by an operator.

The 3-dimensional view allows you to verify the presence of pond both in height, in width and in volume. At the end of the check, the machine signals the presence of any errors: in this way, the operators can correct the electronic board quickly and directly.

5. Packing

After each procedure, the electronic boards are transferred to the packaging. This step is extremely important: poorly executed and left to chance packaging risks compromising the quality of the electronic boards. The same, in fact, could be damaged during storage or during transport.

The care taken in the packaging of each product respects the quality standards that FXPCB imposes in every phase of the creation of an electronic board, from the very beginning to delivery. Mainly, we choose to use a honeycomb structure: this organization makes it possible to better fit the products together, guaranteeing maximum safety for the customer.

In conclusion

The pcb board is the ‘brain’ of the finished product offered by your company, so it is essential to entrust its realization to careful and expert hands. FXPCB leaves no passage to chance and, thanks to a highly specialized team, offers to create high quality products for each of its customers.

Would you like to give life to your idea? Contact us: we are at your complete disposal.

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